The Development of Arabic Scripts

1. Pre †Islamic Era Arabic content is most likely one of the most established on the planet, having been broadly spread across societies as this was the language used to spread Islam in significant domains. Its impact can be seen in different dialects which received Arabic content to build up their own specific manner of recording, similar to Persian, Pashto, Urdu and that's just the beginning. Be that as it may, Arab contents have developed with major chronicled occasions of these countries (AncientScripts. com). Different records of the historical backdrop of Arabia, the ‘island of the Arabs’, give the feeling that Arabic contents began to take structure at the stature of Islamization or during the hour of Prophet Mohammed.It is said to have begun from the fourth century, CE however there is proof †an old report †that shows Arabic content was at that point a vehicle for recording even as ahead of schedule as 512 CE. Some time before the Prophet Mohammed was conceived (a few writers state even 700 years before Mohammed), the Arabs previously had built up a type of composed language which initially was utilized by the Nabateans who once occupied a domain which is currently the realm of Jordan. This was known as the Nabatean content, which advanced from the Aramaic language.The Nabataean content was an off †shoot of the Aramaic letters in order which created in the principal century CE on the Sinai Peninsula and in North Arabia. It varies obviously from other Aramaic assortments by utilizing ligatures. Stone engravings in the Nabataean content are found from Petra, the capital of the Nabataean Kingdon (c. 150 CE to 100 CE), to Damascus and Medina. The content isn't authenticated in compositions, in spite of the fact that its cursive character with letters as often as possible combined shows regular use.The language of the engravings is Nabataean, a nearby related of Aramaic †different writers guarantee it s Aramaic and that the Nabataeans had double language styles for correspondence: written in Aramaic, verbal in Arabic. Spread over a wide region, the content shows extensive variety with exceptionally assorted letter shapes. Its importance for the historical backdrop of composing lies in its being the prompt progenitor of the Arabic content. Certain highlights of the Arabic character, for example, the presence of discrete last structures for specific letters, are as of now foreshadowed in Nabataean writing.Its change into the Arabic content occurred in the fourth and fifth hundreds of years CE (Calmous 350). In the North of the Syrian Desert, the Arabs were associated with world legislative issues particularly prior. Significantly under the Assyrian ruler Tiglath †Pileser III (745 †728BC), there was an Arabi realm there with its capital in the Jawf, which was controlled by sovereigns and stayed one of the vassal conditions of Assyria until the hour of Essarhaddon (689 †669 BC). The Baby lonian King Nabunaid (556 †539 BC) had his home for quite a while in the desert spring of Tayma, which was the base of his endeavors against the west.An Aramaic engraving from the Persian period discovered there demonstrates the association of the city clique, with its clerics and sanctuary divine beings. At that point as ahead of schedule as the time of the last Achaemenians, the Nabataean state jumped up (in a region of advanced Jordan). This state controlled the parade exchange from South Africa to Medina and remained altogether autonomous since Alexander the Great’s plan of vanquishing Arabia via ocean from east and west at the same time was not continued by his successors.At first, Petra’s trade was attracted to Bostra, where convoys then continued to Chalcis, underneath Lebanon and Emesa, Edessa, and Hatra toward the north and east. The Nabataeans received the titles of their authorities and military pioneers from neighboring Hellenistic states. The Nabataea n capital was Petra, a mountain stronghold lying somewhere between the Dead Sea and the tip of the Arabian inlet (Brockelman 6).Numerous engravings and remnants found in the stone †slice burial chambers give testimony regarding the thriving human progress of the Nabataeans yet in these engravings, Aramaic was utilized for it was then the official language dating as far back as the hour of the Achaemenians. There are additionally records of different antiquarians that Arabic was the communicated in language of the Nabataeans yet they compose utilizing Aramaic. At first, they were considered by the Romans as partners until the hour of Trajan however because of questions over their equivocalness during the Jewish uprising under Titus, the Nabataean Kingdom was consumed as Provincia Arabia in 106 BC.The edified regions †or the significant urban communities where exchanges happen †were separated from the deset by a chain of fortresses which were a long way from being solid as the Limes on the Rhine and on the Danube outskirts (Brockelman 6). Be that as it may, in another Arab state, Palmyra, the Nabataeans found a progressively blessed beneficiary. In the wars among Rome and the Parthians, Palmyra was judiciously unbiased and when of Augustus, had the option to stretch out its exchange associations with Rome, Dacia, Gaul and Spain. The Severian Dynasty, additionally half †Semitic, demonstrated kindness on Palmyra.From 260 onwards King Odenat expanded his standard over the whole Syria and was even recognized by the powerless Roman Emperor, Gallienus, as co †ruler for the Orient. After his demise in 268, his significant other Zenobia kept up his capacity for a period yet Aurelianus crushed Palmyra in 273. This catastrophe would be retold through ages even until the main hundreds of years of Islam. (Brockelmann 7). Palmyra spoke to the last position of Arab autonomy pre †Islam and its fall denoted lost Arab independence.No other Arab stat e in the north stayed free after this and they were utilized as vassals by the Romans and Byzantines to avoid attacks of the travelers (Bedouins, or Arabs) into the settled locales. This is likely why the Nabataeans held their contents considerably under Roman guideline †in light of the fact that they proceeded with their exchanges and were additionally vassals to avoid their own sort from coming into significant urban areas of trade (Brockelmann 7). In the sixth century, be that as it may, the Ghassanid administration administered at Damascus, east of the Jordan.He was assigned by Justinian in 529 as patricius and phylarch with incomparable authority over all the Arabs in the northern Syria. Be that as it may, this force again broke up into fragmentary realms after his demise and when they prevailed upon the Persians, the Roman Emperor let their authorities rule until a Muslim invasion brought another Ghassanid leader of the Syrian Arabs (Brockelmann 8). Previously and during these periods, the Arabs had been presented to Christianity (Yah-weh/Judaism) at once or another.First, from the Roman Empire Christianity practicing incredible control over them, down to the Lakhmid Dynasty in Hirah who once served the Persians and had at long last gone to the Christian confidence of their urban subjects, even the Bedouins in the north were in cozy contact with the indigenous Aramean populace, who had since a long time ago been gobbled up by Christianity. Internal Arabia likewise because of their exchanging urban communities of the Hijaz must have additionally been pervaded by an information on Christian lessons and customs, anyway shallow, because of the consistent traffic with related clans in the north.The anchorites, whose cells probably spread from Palestine and Sinai Peninsula far into the desert, presumably likewise made a large number of commitments. What's more, the desert was a shelter from certain factions aggrieved by the built up chapel, and definitely these may have spread their precepts with more accomplishment than the Orthodox Church. During these occasions, in any case, the Aramaic language despite everything remained the authority and head regulatory language.Thus, the greater part of the engravings on the Petra were in Aramaic however there have been proof indicating that the Nabataeans before utilized their own language for their neighborhood exchanges and in oral trade, yet held Aramaic for recording because of its incentive in exchanging with different nations. Different creators recommend that some Arab countries or states were really oral gatherings; which means, they hand down their accounts by telling and re †telling it and still could keep it new in their recollections yet there are additionally bunches who were visual, or those which couldn't keep a psychological record of occasions hence, keep records in tablet form.Nomads, for example, or Bedouins, frequently discuss verse in their social affairs inside the ir tents any place they are in the treat. Be that as it may, those occupied with exchanges, in the significant urban areas, frequently would decided to put down to keep an account of their exchanges. Many accept that the old Arabs’ introduction to Christians/those rehearsing Judaism most likely legitimizes the impact or hints of Sumerian, Greek, Akkadian or Aramaic framework to an in any case Semitic legacy in the Arabic contents or composed just as spoken languages.But others contend that however there show up certain focuses for appearing likenesses, these really speak to the watched or rehearsed frameworks utilized by various nations at that point. While a few creators ascribe the varieties to absorption, others accept the language and hence, the contents, developed after occasions in Arab history. Be that as it may, on account of the Nabataeans from the previous region presently called Jordan, they had the option to keep both, Arab language and Aramaic scripts.This is may be in light of the fact that all Arabs, including the Nabataeans who were under Roman principle for a long time, were utilized as vassals against their own Arab siblings. In this way they kept their language to speak with one another, and for exchanging purposes, looked after Aramaic. The duality could maybe be because of the way that two fairly varying substances framed their general public at that point: the urban individuals and the wanderers (whom they needed to avoid from the focal point of human advancement, similar to their assignment as vassals for the Roman Empire).The previous depended such a great amount on setting up for keeping accounts, while the last mentioned, utilized verbal exchange to impart data, even present verse. Different creators however, accept that the Aramaic engravings

Discrimination in the workforce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Segregation in the workforce - Essay Example 35). In training, spread influences the staff, yet in addition instructor understudy relations and collaboration. Scattering can appear as iintentionally destructive activities or endorsed activity which cutoff equivalent chances or mortify a worker. Likewise, Elkins (1963) and Sowell (1971) assume that separation was impacted by the time of subjection and racial disparities (Taylor 1998). Barbara Bergmann (1974) contends that dispersal is a consequence of the market structure which comprises of talented and non-gifted workforce. Incompetent and low-paid workforce is normally introduced by dark and minority representatives (Taylor 1998). Separation and an expansion in out-movement of whites from neighborhoods as bigger quantities of blacks show up are the significant clarifications for dark white isolation. Partialities and segregation is because of mistaken assumptions about the centrality of a natural feeling of race and supremacist thoughts transmitted across ages and dependent on 'lower organic nature' of African populaces. The primary driver of isolation and prejudice is the social prevalence of whites in view of their social legacy and nonappearance of 'white' servitude. Most Africa-Americans are viewed as lower class individuals in contras to tip top class of whites (Harvey and Allard 2004). Segregation in the working environment has profound roots. Scattering by race was wiped out in 1863 by thirteenth Amendment which made bondage illicit. In 1868, fourteenth Amendment declared equivalent security of all residents in all states. During the principal half of the XX century, dark individuals and racial minorities experienced separated in wages and work conditions; they were denied an opportunity to get great training and contend with white larger part (Harvey and Allard 2004). Till the center of the XX century, ladies involved administrative occupations and were not elevated to authoritative positions. Activities against separation return to 1941 when F. Roosevelt energized minority work by requesting protection temporary workers to stop unfair recruiting (Yates, n.d.). Further, the approach of hostile to separation was created by Lyndon Johnson in 1965 when he put teeth into minority employing rules for government temporary workers' (Yates, n.d.). The following alteratio ns occurred under the administration of J. Kennedy who presented Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) setting up to examine contractual workers' practices, force sanctions, gather business measurements, and guarantee consistence with government guidelines (Yates, n.d.). Pre-war period (migration act was presented in 1924) was set apart by racial biases and generalizing against Asian Americans. The fundamental regions of segregation were family, religion, criminal equity, instruction and openings for work. WWII - 1965 denoted another phase in workforce relations. During this timeframe, many low class individuals entered instructive built up and secured high paid positions. In light of the developing interest for equivalent rights, Congress authorized significant bits of present day social equality enactment during the 1960s that have made the nation a colossal stride nearer to understanding the guarantees of the primary Reconstruction. These cutting edge resolutions, secure racial minorities against most types of open and private separation in business,

How to Say No to Your Boss Without Being Rude

How to Say No to Your Boss Without Being Rude We have all been in such a situation. You are almost up to your nose in work. You have one project that is due tomorrow evening. Another must be complete before the weekend.You don’t see how you can possibly complete all this work in time.As you try to get the most urgent one done, your boss comes up and says she has a task she wants you to do before the day is over.You almost feel like screaming in frustration, but you control yourself.Smiling, you nod to the boss and say a nonchalant “Okay.”She leaves the file on top of your desk and off she goes, leaving you defeated and demotivated because you know there is no way you are beating your deadlines or doing a quality job.Instead of taking up the new task, wouldn’t it have been better to speak up and say something like, “I’d love to, but look at the pile of work I am working on”?Yes, it would, but unfortunately, most of us do not have the guts for it.We just say yes to everything our bosses tell us to do, even when sayin g no is the better option.This is because a lot of us believe that saying no to our bosses is tantamount to being rude or insubordination.However, it doesn’t have to be so. You can actually say no to your boss without coming across as rude.In this article, we are going to take a look at how exactly to do that, as well as situations where saying no might be the right thing to do, and situations where you shouldn’t do it.SITUATIONS THAT MIGHT NECESSITATE SAYING NO TO YOUR BOSSMany people feel uncomfortable saying no to their bosses, even in situations when they know they should.Unless your boss is totally unreasonable, he/she doesn’t expect you to be completely subservient to his/her every request.In fact, the ability to say no to your boss can actually impress them as it shows you have initiative, a quality bosses like to see in their employees.Some of the situations where saying no to your boss might be the right thing to do include:1. Unreasonable RequestsThis one may be tric ky as it is subjective.What may feel unreasonable to you may not look so to others or to your boss. You have to scrutinize the situation carefully and confirm that it is actually unreasonable.For instance, being asked to work late to finish an urgent task is not unreasonable.However, if it becomes the norm and it starts eating into your weekends, off days, and even vacation time, it might be time to take a stand against it.Some bosses are unreasonable and sometimes you just have to stand up for yourself or they will keep walking all over you.Another good example of an unreasonable request is when you are expected to take on extra work when you are already swamped with tasks that have close deadlines.In such a situation, the right thing is to decline the additional tasks.2. You Lack the SkillsThis is another tricky one, as it requires courage from you. Your boss might assume you have a certain skill which you actually don’t have.If it is something you can learn quickly on the job, the best thing is to take on the task and learn while working on it. If a colleague knows how to do it, ask them to teach you.This actually demonstrates initiative.However, if the skill is something that will take a long time to learn to do well, you should not feel any shame admitting to your boss that you don’t possess the skill.The alternative â€" wasting the boss’s and your time pretending you can do something which you cannot â€" is actually worse.However, express a desire to learn.If the company offers training programs, enroll and learn in readiness for a future scenario when you will again be given a similar task. In other words, do not flat-out refuse the assignment.Remember that the inability to do something is a sign of, at worst incompetence, and at best lack of versatility.It is not something to be proud of and you should therefore be humble when expressing your regret that you cannot take on this particular task.3. You Know BetterThis is a situation which requires even more courage and initiative.Let’s say you know more about a particular field than your boss, and he/she has told you to do a task using a procedure that you know is sure to fail.Should you speak up when you are sure that your boss is wrong?With some bosses, this may be misconstrued as impudence.With a good boss, this will be seen for what it is â€" initiative.You must therefore be prudent in the way you express yourself in such a situation.Do not be cocky or brash when expressing your point of view.Instead, speak calmly, clearly, politely, and respectfully, giving all the relevant details to ensure your boss understands exactly why you have misgivings.If your boss listens and it turns out you were right and you save the company time or money, your boss will be impressed with you.Such initiative is what gets you noticed at work and promoted.However, take care that your approach doesn’t end up making an enemy out of your boss.4. Breaking the LawIt is not easy finding a job, a nd many people just go with the flow when their boss asks them to do something illegal.Unfortunately, the legal system won’t exonerate you just because you were simply being an obedient employee.If you are asked to do something illegal, you should say no.You may lose your job for it, but you will at least sleep with a clear conscience.Furthermore, you won’t have to look over your shoulder at all times, afraid that the long arm of the law is about to catch up with you.A good example of law breaking is when the boss asks you to forge documents or falsify certain records.If you are a new hire poached from a competitor, the boss might ask you to divulge proprietary information from your previous job.Or you could be asked to engage in improper dealings with customers â€" for instance, being asked to blackmail or intimidate customers.If you are a supervisor or manager, one of your superiors might demand that you fire someone who does not deserve to be fired.Such unlawful termination i s a form of workplace harassment and you could be reported to the EEOC.Breaking the law is never worth it, even when it seems to pay off for the moment (keeping your job and being in your boss’s good books).Sooner or later, the truth comes out.Unfortunately, as the person who pulled the actual trigger and left fingerprints, it will be easier to prove your culpability than your boss’s.In other words, your inability to say no could lead to you being the sole scapegoat while your boss goes scot free.It is far better to lose your job than to lose your reputation, go to jail, or live with a troubled conscience.6. Unethical SituationNot everything that is “wrong” is illegal. It is easy to stand up to your boss when they ask you to do something illegal, since you can quote the law and get them to back off.However, when your boss asks you to do something unethical but not illegal, it becomes a trickier conundrum.If it is professionally unethical, you can point this out to them and e xplain that you are not comfortable with doing something you know you shouldn’t do as a professional.Ethics are sometimes subjective, and it could be that what you consider unethical may not register as such to your boss.Furthermore, the boss might resent you putting a mirror in their face, showing them how unethical their actions are.You must therefore be very careful how your frame your refusal.Ensure you don’t make accusations or overreact when you broach the subject with your boss.Remember that he/she may not consider the action unethical.Be respectful and detailed in explaining why you don’t feel comfortable doing what they are asking.The consequences of doing something unethical are the same as those of doing something illegal â€" except that there is no risk of going to jail. You will lose your reputation and you will have a troubled conscience.SITUATIONS WHEN IT’S NOT OKAY TO SAY NO TO YOUR BOSSJust because you can say no to your boss doesn’t mean you should do it every time. Your boss has certain rights as your employer.They are empowered to give you certain orders.Saying no in some situations would be a sign of laziness, disobedience, pettiness, or similar qualities that don’t portray you in the best light.Some situations where it is not okay to say no to your boss include:1. When the Task Seems Too ChallengingYou should not say no to your boss just because a task seems too difficult.This will portray you as a lazy, incompetent worker that has no initiative.As an employee, it is your responsibility to undertake all work-related tasks you are given by your boss, provided you have the skills to work on them.In fact, you should be grateful for challenging tasks as they are an opportunity for growth.Consider that your boss is giving you the challenging task knowingly. Perhaps the boss wants you to prove your mettle.If that is the case, refusing the opportunity will demonstrate to your boss that you have no initiative.Taking up the opportunity and working hard to succeed at it will demonstrate that you are worthy of advancement in the workplace.This could be the chance for you to earn that promotion you want.2. When the Task is Outside Your Job DescriptionProvided you have the skills and the ability, you should not turn down tasks assigned to you by your boss.When you refuse a task because it’s “outside your job description”, this portrays you as a lazy or closed-minded employee.Employers and managers want employees who are adaptable and dynamic. In hectic times especially, employees are expected to take on more roles.3. Personal ReasonsYou should never say no to a directive by your boss because you have “something else going on” in your personal life.A good example is when you are planning a wedding and you feel taking on the task your boss is giving you will eat into the time you would have spent going dress-shopping and so on.You should not put personal events ahead of your job â€" or seem to be.However, whe n you really have to (for instance, because a friend got into a car accident), politely explain to the boss why you can’t work on his/her directive at the moment.If your boss is a reasonable person, they will understand.DIFFERENT TACTICS YOU CAN USE TO SAY NO WITHOUT SOUNDING RUDESaying no to your boss no is always a risk. You need the art of diplomacy.No matter how right you are, your boss still has the upper hand.Being in a subordinate position, you have to be wise in how you say no to your superior.Below are some tactics you can use to say no to your boss without sounding rude. Ask Them to Help Your Re-PrioritizeOne of the most prevalent reasons why anyone would google “how to say no to your boss” is because of your superior assigning you more work when you are already swamped with work.Looking at the mountain of tasks you have to go through and the deadlines staring you in the face, you can’t imagine taking on any extra task.This creates a dilemma: should you bravely tak e on the task or should you dare to say no?The problem is that taking on the task will lead to decreased quality of work, since you will be rushing through the tasks without giving much thought or care to the execution.Furthermore, you are likely to be late in completing some of them.In such a situation, the best thing to do is to remind your boss that you already have so much on your plate.A polite way of doing this is to say something like, “Sure, I can take on this task, but I am already working on X and Y. What should I reprioritize as I work on this?”Furthermore, it puts the ball in their court. Now they have to make a decision.Should they let you keep doing what you were doing or explicitly tell you to work on this project and put the others on hold for a moment?If one of those projects has an urgent deadline, bring this up, and the boss will have to assign it to someone else, or put the new project on hold.Give a Progress ReportAs we have noted, getting extra work when yo u are already very busy is one of the main triggers of the desire to say no to a boss.Furthermore, we have noted that the boss may not even be aware that you are too busy to take on a new task.Your boss might be busy too and may have forgotten assigning the earlier tasks.Another way of politely reminding him or her that you already have too much on your plate is to give a progress report of the other tasks you are working on.Telling him or her where you are with the other projects will jolt him into remembering that he already assigned you other tasks, which might also be urgent.If the boss doesn’t take a hint, you can outright point out that you still have to work on these projects and some of them have urgent deadlines.This puts the boss in a position where he/she has to make a conclusive decision.The boss will then either assign the urgent tasks to someone else or tell you to go on with them and assign the new task to another person.Recommend a ColleagueIf you are too busy to t ake on the extra task, instead of flat out that you cannot work on it, let your boss know about the projects you are working on, and then recommend one of your colleagues for the job.Do it in such a way that it is not misconstrued, either by the boss or the colleague as a lazy avoidance of extra responsibility.Express to your boss why you think your colleague is the best person for the job.This will impress the boss, as it shows you have thought through what is best for the company and not just your concerns that you might be overworked.If it turns out that you were right and your colleague does a good job, it will demonstrate your good judgment and ability to delegate tasks to the most appropriate person.It also shows that you are not afraid to let your colleagues shine. Added together, these show that you have the qualities of leadership and initiative.Such initiative could even help you get considered for a promotion.Explain Why You Cannot Take on the Extra WorkThe most obvious w ay to say no to your boss is, in fact, to just say it.This means explaining where you are coming from, and why you are not in a position to take on the extra task.This tactic covers all situations, not just being assigned excess tasks, but also the other situations we covered, such as being asked to do something illegal, unethical, or that is against your values.You must be concise and targeted in your explanation while at the same time covering all the relevant details.This ensures you say enough to convince your boss while at the same time not wasting his or her time.Use your knowledge of the art of negotiation or diplomacy in this situation. Say nothing or do nothing that will anger the boss.Say nothing or do nothing that will distract the boss from your message. Be polite and respectful, but be firm and direct and don’t sugarcoat things.Depending on the situation, have some documents to back you up with facts, just in case.A good example is when the boss asks you to do somethi ng prohibited by the company’s code of conduct.You can pull out a copy of the company code of conduct and use it to support your argument.Give AlternativesIt is not always enough to explain to the boss why you can’t act on his request.Remember that your boss relies on you to make work easier for him.This is where empathy should help you â€" the ability to see things from someone else’s perspective.Most people don’t have empathy towards their bosses, just like most children don’t have empathy towards their parents until they themselves grow up and become parents.What you should do is imagine yourself in your boss’s shoes.As a boss you are super-busy and have a lot of responsibilities on your plate.Now imagine trying to get something done and the person you thought would help you do it says they cannot do it. How would you feel?If you have never thought of that, you can probably start to see why you may sometimes have tension with your boss â€" because you only see things from an employee’s point of view.Now, if you were the boss, what would you want your employee to do if they can’t act on the task you are handing to them?The boss came to you because they want you to make their work easier.Even if you are not in a position to help them with the task they have on their hands, you can still make their work easier by suggesting an alternative.For instance, if you can’t work on the task right now, you can ask to come to work early the next morning and work on it.Another alternative, which we have already mentioned, is recommending one of your colleagues for the task.You could also think up an alternative way to get the task done without either of you having to break a sweat.For instance, if the boss is sending you somewhere on an errand, find another employee who is going out on an errand of their own and request them to include the boss’s errand in their to-do list.That way you get to stay on at the office working on your urgent task while the boss’s request gets carried out by someone else.This kind of thinking on your feet shows the boss that you are a creative thinker who is able to come up with practical solutions and take initiative.It’s impressive and might even put you in the boss’s radar for a promotion.Give Your Idea as a SuggestionWe saw that sometimes, it might be necessary to say no to your boss because you don’t agree with their idea or strategy.However, if you flat out tell them that you don’t agree with their strategy or that you don’t think it will work, it might sound rude and appear like you are trying to belittle their intelligence.Instead of saying that, the best approach is to give your idea as a suggestion.For instance, you could say something like “Can I suggest another approach?”If your boss says yes, it means that he is willing to consider your idea, and will have no problem switching to your way it is seems like the better approach.If he says no, then it is best if you just do thi ngs his way.If you still disagree with him, you could say something like, “I understand that this is not the time for new suggestions, but I have a major concern, which is…”Remain EmpatheticDeclining a request from someone who has a say over the future of your career is not sensitive matter, therefore it is always a great idea to soften the blow by acknowledging the important of what they are requesting, even if you are in no position to oblige the request.You can do this by saying something like “I understand how important this is to you, but unfortunately, I have to finish this other project XYZ which you need by evening, and cannot therefore give this task the attention it deserves.”Show GratitudeThe ultimate antidote to appearing rude is saying “thank you”.How many times do you say thank you?Most people forget, or they find it hard to say, but these two words can make a huge difference, especially when you are dealing with someone in authority â€" like your boss.Co nsider that your boss is giving you the task because she believes you can perform it.If it is a challenging task, this is a high compliment coming from your boss because it is a way of telling you that she knows she can rely on you to deliver.Therefore, even though you have to decline, don’t forget to acknowledge your boss’s high regard of your abilities by thanking him/her for the opportunity.Saying “thank you” will take the sting out of your refusal.It won’t get the job done, but at least your boss won’t walk away feeling anything negative towards you.WRAPPING UPSometimes, it might be better to say no to your boss than to accept a request if you are not in a good position to carry it out.However, if you have to say no, you need to do it politely and with respect.Don’t just say no, but explain why you are not in a position to handle the request. If possible, suggest alternatives on how the task can get done without taking you from what you are working on.In addition, it is a good idea to put yourself in your boss’s shoes. This will help you understand his/her thought process better so you can come up with the best approach.

Sexism In Oedipus The King - 1395 Words

Sophocles’ Theban tragedy, Oedipus the King, is not sexist. The prominent play portrays both men and women justly. The events presented by Sophocles exemplifies a level of admiration and respect for women that was not ordinary in ancient Greece. This is predominantly achieved through the dialogue of Jocasta and Oedipus, illustrating a corresponding relationship. In addition, the behavior of Jocasta, analysis of other literature, as well as the bad fortune of the male characters reaffirm that the Oedipus the King is not sexist. In the play, the interactions between Jocasta and Oedipus depicts an egalitarian relationship. Throughout the play, Jocasta avoids many societal customs with her tendency to assert herself in the affairs of men.†¦show more content†¦In addition, during this period female babies were much more likely to be abandoned at birth. Contrary to this, Oedipus was abandoned as an infant by Jocasta. In addition to the love that Oedipus has for the women in his life, in a monumental scene at the end of the play Oedipus cries out to his daughters and blindly embraces them. In this scene, Oedipus helplessly wails about the hardships that his daughters will soon face without once mentioning the fate of his two sons. Moreover, during this time men were known for having extramarital affairs by fulfilling their sexual desires while women were expected to remain faithful. In the play, there are no mentions of another lover of Oedipus. Additionally, it was not normal for men to socialize with their wives. Despite this being the norm, Oedipus finds comfort in talking to Jocasta. Oedipus confides in Jocasta, showing vulnerability towards a woman. Pietro Pucci states in his book Oedipus and the Fabrication of the Father, â€Å"Oedipus tells Jocasta how he was shaken by the rumor that he was illegitimate and how he secretly ran to Delphi to seek Apollo’s reassurance that he was the legitimate child of his parents, Polybus and Merope† (16). Scenes from the play reaffirm that Oedipus is humbled by the presence of Jocasta. Oedipus state, â€Å"I’ll tell you everything I fear. No one has more right than you do, to know the risks to which I’m now exposed† (Sophocles 898-890). Even after Oedipus finds JocastaShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Irony In Oedipus The King827 Words   |  4 PagesThe presence of irony in â€Å"Myth† by Muriel Rukeyser, â€Å"My Oedipus Complex† by Frank O’Connor, and â€Å"Oedipus the King† by Sophocles link these three literary pieces together. However, each of the works utilize different forms of irony in different levels to specifically present their message. In Rukeyser’s short poem, the narrator uses verbal irony through Oedipus’ conversation with the Sphinx and dramatic irony through Oedipus’ shorthanded conclusions. O’Connor uses situational irony in his short storyRead MoreIncest and Sexism in Hamlet1022 Words   |  5 PagesIn my readings of Hamlet, sexism was a immense element in the story. It is not fairly unambiguous where the incest comes in and who is involved, but the unorthodox relationships that have taken place shows how things were during the Elizabethan Age, or were they? My goal in this paper is to research the gender roles between the males and females in the story and to prove how women were treated during these times, and to determine who was involved in incest and sexism. The characters in focus willRead MoreAntigone - Paper 131697 Words   |  7 PagesGreek drama was written in such a way that the characters are the pivotal aspect of the play. 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Shakespeare’s version of King Lear is very similarRead More Sophocles’ Antigone Essay1759 Words   |  8 PagesAntigone in Sophocles’ play, Antigone, is one of the most controversial tragic characters in classic literature. The war in her city has torn her family apart, caused the death of both her brothers, and created a reason for h er to fight against the King, her uncle. Her uncle, Creon, makes a ruling that her brother, Polynices, is not to be buried because he is a traitor, but according to her religion, her brother’s soul will not go to the afterlife until he is buried. In defense of her brother, she

IMPAIRMENT NEURAL DEVELOPMENTS AND SYMPTOMS OF AUTISM...

Autism spectrum disorders are a common neural developmental brain condition (Cheng et al., 2010). It does not have unifying neurobiological or pathological etiology (Geschwind Levitt, 2007) .It characterized by impaired social interaction and communication skills and restricted repetitive behavior (Johnson Myers, 2007). Medical condition such as mental retardation, chromosomal anomalies and seizures are often appear with autism (Casanova, 2007). During first 3 years of childhood, these major symptoms are revealed (Casanova, 2007). Autism is one of three recognized condition and the other two know as Asperger’s syndrome (Levy, Mandell, Schultz, 2009). There are also secondary symptoms that may not be shown in individual with autism†¦show more content†¦During the gestation period 20 to 24 days after conception, the embryo motor neurons of cranial nerve that are responsible for eye, face, ears and tongue muscles are injured (Rodier, 2000). In addition, autism indi viduals’ family histories have been reported with immunological disorders, though its relevance to autism is still unknown (Johnson Myers, 2007). Furthermore, parental exposure to some environmental agents may cause disruption of neural development (Rodier, 2004). Neurotoxicants such as ethanol, thalidomide and isotretinoin have been reported to cause autism in a child if his mother was exposed to these neurotoxicants during pregnancy (Rodier, 2000). Furthermore, the neurotoxicants exposure causes genetic mutation in the embryo (Rodier, 2004). Genetic epidemiological studies on twins showed that there is heritable factor involve in the condition occurrence (Casanova, 2007). Hence, embryo neural development is very critical time in autism existence. Brain pathophysiology show different structure size in autism individual comparing to normal individual. Corpus callosum is involved in communication of information between the bi-hemispheric regions of the brain and it has been shown that its size is involved in individual with autism (Alexander et al., 2006). Thinning Corpus callosum was noticed in autism children (Alexander et al., 2006). Likewise, postmortem studies show thinning in Corpus callosum in autism patient. Geschwind and Levitt (2007)

Online Enrollment System Free Essays

An Innovative Approach to a School Community Information System (Web Based) By: Lelit Acolacol Joshua Ely B. Alfonso Jobelle Cavaneyro Jeffrey Gallardo Raymond Ramos A capstone proposal submitted in partial fulfillment for the subject System Analysis and Design in the course Information Technology Adviser: Mr. Frederic B. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Enrollment System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Asejo Introduction: â€Å"To pay homage to our alma- mater is our goal†, we decided that we created a system that will acknowledge ICI, a system which each and every faculty member and student can use. Starting out with a few rooms in three-storey building, with the basic facilities required by the TESDA, Prof. Neil Mateo, the school director, set out to establish ICI as a school that would aim to develop excellent learners. 2008-2009 ICI welcomed to its fold 272 students who enrolled in technical-vocational courses in HRS, IT, Computer Science, Computer Technology, Front Office and Call Center Management. With the growth of student population with just a span of four years, information provision can’t be maintained due to the large sum of students going in the school. We have been staying in the school for almost 2 years and our attention were called by information dissemination and we thought â€Å"how bout we develop a system that every one from ICI can use, a school community information system†. With the guidance of our adviser Mr. Derek Asejo we manage to create a system that can provide information with an easy access which is through internet an online bulletin board that automatically updates its database, from birthdays, special events, announcements, etc. Background: It is though the vision of establishing a higher learning institution that would promise rewarding careers for the youth that ICI college of Arts and Technology founded on March 5, 2008. Starting out with a few rooms in three-storey building, with the basic facilities required by the TESDA, Prof. Neil Mateo, the school director, set out to establish ICI as a school that would aim to develop excellent learners thought effective an innovative educational strategies. ICI was issued its Certification of Program Registration to operate on May 14, 2008. The school opened up immediately for first enrollees 008-2009 ICI welcomed to its fold 272 students who enrolled in technical-vocational courses in HRS, IT, Computer Science, Computer Technology, Front Office and Call Center Management. ICI became a member of Bulacan Private Schools Association (BULPRISA) and Bulacan Association of Technology Schools (BATS). SY 2009-2010, ICI started to offer degree programs in Computer Science, Hospitality Management, Business and Literal Arts. According to the interviews conducted with the school administrators and supplemented with personal observation made by the researcher the following are the recognized problems. In advertising of school’s quality education, courses offered and facilities, Immaculate Conception International uses tarpaulin and flyers to spread the information of the school to encourage new students, effective but too risky, time consuming and it costs a lot of money to the staff/s conducting this method. Posting of information and announcement on the bulletin board is a way for school staff/s to inform their students about the upcoming events and activities. It’s time consuming, costs a lot of effort and sometimes the students ignores it and would not participate in the school events and activities. Background: Immaculate Conception International takes evaluation among the students by means of survey to know their suggestions and feedback about the school management. In conducting a survey, the school staff/s gives chance to the students to share their opinions for the improvements of school regulations and facilities and they do it manually and it takes too much time and effort for them. They use print-outs as surveys and distribute it room-to-room and then wait until the students are done filling-up the survey sheet/form. It takes a lot of hassle because some students sometimes disregard this form and ignore it because some students are not interested with this process of giving feedback and suggestions. Problem: General Problem/s: †¢ Information Dissemination, a particular problem in starting school/s like the ICI, they will have to hire someone or a group of people to perform the specific task and it takes a lot of effort doing so, a waste of effort and a waste of funds that can be used to other projects that can help students, such as scholarships. Specific Problem/s: Immaculate Conception International uses tarpaulin and flyers to spread the information of the school to encourage new students, effective but too risky, time consuming and it costs a lot of money to the staff/s conducting this method. †¢ Posting of information and announcement on the bulletin board is a way for school staff/s to inform their students about the upcoming events and activities. It’s time consuming, cost s a lot of effort. †¢ Immaculate Conception International takes evaluation among the students by means of survey to know their suggestions and feedback about the school management. In conducting a survey, the school staff/s gives chance to the students to share their opinions for the improvements of school regulations and facilities and they do it manually and it takes too much time and effort for them. Objective/s: General Objective/s: †¢ To create a system that will improve information dissemination to students, faculty, school staff/s and fund consumption. Specific Objective/s: †¢ To create a Web Based Application that will help the school to campaign process/procedure without risk and minimal costs. †¢ To develop a method that will minimize the effort of school staff in giving updated information to the students. To create an evaluation process that will get students request/suggestions/ and feedback. Scope/s: †¢ The web-based application can improve the campaign process/procedures without risk and minimal cost. †¢ The application can minimize the effort of school staff in giving updated information to the students. †¢ And last ly, the application can evaluate processes that will get the students . Limitation/s: †¢ The system should have an internet service provide †¢ It can’t download files from the system. †¢ Data flow Diagram level 0 [pic] Data Flow Diagram Level 1 [pic] Existing Diagram [pic] How to cite Online Enrollment System, Papers Online Enrollment System Free Essays Automation and online transaction is not relatively new here in our country and more so abroad. In fact it is a growing fad abroad and is beginning to crop up in our country gradually, where bank transactions, business dealings and buying and selling take place. It is very convenient to do online transactions because one does not have to actually be in the supermarket, department store, drugstore or bookstore in order to buy things needed. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Enrollment System or any similar topic only for you Order Now All it takes is a computer that has an internet connection, and one can instantly place the order. Sooner or later, the product is at the doorstep. Online enrollment is to a certain extent a new fad. Not many, in fact, only a handful schools in the Philippines, particularly in Manila, cater to online subject enlisting and enrollment like for example Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University and University of the Philippines (Diliman and Los Banos campus).Enrollment time is a stressful chore not so much for the preschooler, elementary pupil or high school student even with the necessary Entrance Tests required but more so for the college student who has to follow a longer process / procedure in order to receive the status of being officially enrolled and finally have the class cards in his possession. Many await the enrollment schedule of the school they are studying in. Come enrollment time they begin to rush and flock to school as early as possible.Vacations are cut short, young ones are sometimes abruptly separated from the security and comfort of home and family just to be able to study in a good school, relaxation and leisure quickly put to an end that give way to the serious pursuit of study. For some, they opt for an extended vacation, sometimes coming to school on the last minute just to be with their loved ones a bit longer. Still for many others, it can be the unpredictable weather like a storm which Leyte is famous of, that can hinder them from coming to enroll on the appointed time, especially those living outside Baybay or having their vacation some other place.For the late high school or elementary enrollee, once accepted, it is less taxing, for after having been enrolled, the latter is assured of a slot in every subject the school and its curriculum offers for all levels from Grades 1 – 6 (for the Elementary) and Years 1 – 4 (for high school). There is no fear of having subjects closed for them to enlist in. For the college student it could be a big problem. And this problem can have a harmful effect on his school life. For one, it could mean a delay of the expected time to graduate. Another, it could be a waste of time coming to school being under load having only subjects that much! Online enrollment and subject enlisting can solve this problem. Being away from school is not a hindrance to enroll and to enlist in subjects. All it takes is a computer and of course, access to the Net and log on to http://www. fcic. net. ph. That makes it all the more convenient because computers are more accessible nowadays. All it takes is a visit to an internet cafe, pay a minimum of P10 per hour’s use of computer, fill up necessary questions by typing and clicking the necessary buttons here and there.TECHNICAL â€Å"Is the project technically possible? † Basically, a main computer should be the server where the database is stored which should be put up on a place where only authorized persons can have access to it. This will act as the receiving end of the sent data by the enrollees and subject enlistment of students who enroll online. At the same time students who opt to enroll online will be asked to make a print-out of the subjects they are enlisted in to be shown to the Finance Office ready for payment. FINANCIALCan the institution afford to carry out the project? Although the automation of the subject scheduling and enrollment needs considerable amount of money, it is also guaranteed that the process of enrollment will be more efficient and more organized. Only one computer is need ed which will operate as the server and where the database will be located. This server will then be linked to the school’s website fcic. net. ph as a sub-domain. This will be entirely a web-based system. The estimated cost for this project will be more or less Php 25,000. 0. ORGANIZATIONAL â€Å"Will the new system be compatible with the existing system? † The new system will be made in such a way that it will be compatible with the existing manual enrollment system of the school, only more efficient and organized, and less hassle. The process of enrollment and subject enlistment is more or less the same. Only that instead of a Registrar personnel facing the enrollee, he is faced with a machine and he can enroll anytime day or night on the appointed schedule given without coming to school, except for special cases.Of course, like any new system applied, it will also take time getting used to, but not difficult to learn and apply. ETHICAL â€Å"Is the impact of the new system socially acceptable? † Since we are now in the ‘Computer Age,’ so to speak, this new system will be readily accepted by all. Many, if not all, are computer literate. This new system will not only be convenient for the students but for the Registrar’s Office and its personnel as well. How to cite Online Enrollment System, Papers

Teddy Roosevelt And The Panama Canal Essays - United States

Teddy Roosevelt And The Panama Canal Teddy Roosevelt was a man who liked to creat a stir wherever he went. He loved mingling with people to boost his own self-image.He loved to impress people with his cowboyism, his collection of guns, and his pintsize spectacles.Also, Roosevelt was a direct-actionist.He wanted to keep the country moving foward and preserve his public image at the same time. He wanted to display to his supporters that he could lead the country and be a jovial person simulataneously. His public image seemed to be his first priority, and when the election of 1904 came approaching, he wanted to show that he could be a bully to smaller countries and impress his people back home. Over the course of the Spanish-American war , the obvious need for a canal came apparent.The canal would stregthen the navy, and it would make easier defense of the islands in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The problem of where to build the canal came into play. Congress rejected Nicaragua and Panama was an unwilling part of this project. The course of the building was shifted to Columbia. The United States was trying to negotiate a proposal,although they came up empty-handed . Roosevelt was considerably furious with the result. Election time was around the corner and he was eager to make the dirt fly and impress his people with him bullying another smaller country. It's no surprise that his bullyish attitude would extend to forgein policies. Another time of Roosevelt's bullyish attitude , so he can impress his fellow countrymen was his dealing with Panama. The Panamanians feared that the United States would build on the Nicaraguan route. The angry Panamanians revolted , but U.S. forces crushed the uprising. Roosevelt moved quickly and negotiated that the zone would be widened from six to ten miles and the price would remain the same. People thought that Roosevelt created the impression that he was sent secretly to settle the problem. The truth of the matter is , election was very soon and he did not want to lose his supporters. Roosevelt came under fire and had to defend his actions as just and fair. He claimed that Columbia had been wronged and he was sent a mandate from civilization to begin the canal. Although he wasn't truly open and failed to express that the Nicaragua route was available. Of course , he wouldn't want to mention it because the election was nearing and he didn't want to lose his many supporters. Work on the canal began in 1904 , the year of the election. Roosevelt was a type of bully who just cared about preserving his wholesome image and having a good time wherever he went. When election time was nearing , he just stepped on smaller countries that needed to be dealt with slowly. Obviously , Roosevelt had no time because the election was around the corner and he needed to make the dirt fly. It just seemed that Roosevelt wanted to get elected so he could enjoy his carefree life and he yearned to build the canal just to show his people that he was successfully leading his country. History Essays